Relationship between Heat Transfer and Cell ConcentrationBecause cell metabolism is usually the largest source of heat in fermenters. Assuming that the heat dissipated from the stirrer and the cooling effects of evaporation are negligible compared with the heat of reaction, the steady-stateenergy balance equation becomes:In aerobic fermentations, the heat of reaction is related to the rate of oxygen consumption by the cells, approximately 460 kJ of heat is released for each gmol of oxygen consumed
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